Understanding Astigmatism: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Astigmatism is one of the most common vision problems worldwide, yet many people don’t fully understand what it is or how it affects their eyesight. Whether you're experiencing blurry vision or just noticed the term during an eye exam, this guide will help you understand astigmatism in a clear and approachable way.

What Is Astigmatism?

Astigmatism is a common refractive error that occurs when the cornea (the front surface of the eye) or the lens inside the eye has an irregular shape. Instead of being perfectly round like a basketball, the surface is more oval—similar to a football. This irregular curvature causes light to focus on multiple points in the eye rather than a single one, leading to blurred or distorted vision.

What Causes Astigmatism?

Astigmatism can be present at birth or develop over time. The primary causes include:

• Genetics – Most people inherit the shape of their eyes, and astigmatism is often hereditary.

• Eye Injury or Surgery – Trauma to the eye or certain surgical procedures can affect the shape of the cornea.

• Keratoconus – A progressive eye disease that causes the cornea to thin and bulge into a cone-like shape.

Astigmatism often occurs alongside other refractive errors such as nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia).

Common Symptoms of Astigmatism

The effects of astigmatism vary depending on the severity, but common signs include:

• Blurred or distorted vision at all distances

• Headaches and eye strain, especially after prolonged reading or screen time

• Difficulty seeing at night

• Squinting to improve clarity

If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it’s a good idea to schedule a comprehensive eye exam.

Diagnosing Astigmatism

An eye care professional can diagnose astigmatism through a variety of tests during a routine eye exam:

• Visual acuity test – Measures how clearly you can see letters on a chart.

• Keratometry – Measures the curvature of the cornea.

• Refraction test – Determines the prescription needed to correct your vision.

These tests are quick, painless, and essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.

Treatment Options for Astigmatism

The good news is that astigmatism is easily correctable. Depending on your lifestyle, vision goals, and the severity of your condition, your doctor may recommend one of the following:

1. Eyeglasses

Prescription glasses with specially designed lenses can correct the uneven curvature and provide clear vision. They’re a convenient and popular option for many.

2. Contact Lenses

Toric contact lenses are specifically made for people with astigmatism. They offer sharp vision and are available in both soft and rigid gas-permeable materials.

3. Laser Eye Surgery (LASIK or PRK)

These procedures reshape the cornea using a laser, providing a long-term solution for many patients. LASIK is highly effective for those who qualify.

Can Astigmatism Get Worse Over Time?

Yes, astigmatism can change gradually, particularly with age or due to underlying eye conditions. This is why regular eye exams are important—even if your vision seems stable. Early detection ensures your prescription stays current and your eye health remains optimal.

Any Questions?

Is astigmatism the same as nearsightedness or farsightedness?

Not exactly. Astigmatism is a different type of refractive error, but it can occur in combination with myopia or hyperopia.

Can you drive with astigmatism?

Yes—especially when it’s properly corrected with glasses or contact lenses. Uncorrected astigmatism, however, can make night driving particularly difficult due to light halos and glare.

Can children have astigmatism?

Absolutely. Astigmatism can be diagnosed in children, and early correction is important for proper visual development and learning.

Conclusion: Managing Astigmatism Is Simple with the Right Care

Astigmatism is a highly manageable condition that doesn’t have to interfere with your daily life. With options ranging from eyeglasses to advanced laser surgery, there are treatments available for nearly everyone. The key is early detection and ongoing care from an eye health professional.

Whether you’ve just been diagnosed or suspect something’s off with your vision, a simple eye exam is the best next step.